Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 3 Proportion of PCS rated as at least mild

From: Factorial validity and comparability of the six translations of the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire translations: results from the CENTER-TBI study

Symptom	Language samples						TBI severity
Symptom	Dutch (N = 597) (%)	English (N = 223) (%)	Finnish (N = 213) (%)	Italian (N = 268) (%)	Norwegian (N = 263) (%)	Spanish (N = 254) (%)	Mild/moderate (N = 1,521) (%)	Severe (N = 269) (%)
Headaches	27	31	33	27	31	33	30	29
Dizziness	27	28	34	23	28	30	28	28
Nausea	7	8	8	7	7	6	8	4
Noise sensitivity	26	22	17	19	27	24	22	27
Sleep disturbance	29	34	36	26	28	27	30	26
Fatigue	52	56	42	40	48	37	44	63
Irritable	28	33	24	29	27	31	27	36
Depressed	27	38	21	28	22	28	26	35
Frustrated	30	43	23	29	28	24	28	39
Forgetful	41	46	36	45	38	37	38	57
Poor concentration	37	39	32	40	34	31	34	44
Longer to think	42	41	25	28	34	22	32	42
Blurred vision	19	18	18	17	18	17	17	22
Light sensitivity	14	13	16	18	16	15	15	18
Double vision	10	13	11	12	6	11	9	17
Restless	24	20	19	19	21	16	20	22

Symptoms rated at least as a mild problem (i.e., ≥ 2). Bold values indicate relative frequencies over 33% (i.e., 1/3 of each language sample)

Back to article page