Table 2 Summary of findings and quality ratings
From: Falls risk perception measures in hospital: a COSMIN systematic review
Scale | Targeted population | Content validity | Structural validity | Internal consistency | Cross cultural validity | Reliability | Measurement error | Hypotheses testing for construct validity | Responsiveness | Recommendations using |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Construct: balance confidence | ||||||||||
Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) 16 item version | Hospitalised adults with PD | ? Not assessed |  +  Moderate |  +  High | N/A |  +  High | NR |  +  High | NR | B |
ABC-6P [42] | Hospitalised adults with PD | ? Not assessed |  +  Moderate |  +  High | N/A |  +  High | NR |  +  High | NR | B |
ABC-6ON [43] | Hospitalised adults with PD | ? Not assessed |  +  Moderate |  +  High | N/A |  +  High | NR |  +  High | NR | B |
ABC-5L [44] | Hospitalised adults with PD | ? Not assessed |  +  Moderate |  +  High | N/A |  +  High | NR |  +  High | NR | B |
Construct: fall-related self-efficacy | ||||||||||
Adapted version of the falls efficacy scale (FES) 12 item version | Older adults in post-acute rehabilitation | ? Not assessed |  −  Low |  +  Moderate | N/A |  +  Low | NR |  +  Moderate | NR | B |
Modified-Falls Efficacy Scale (M-FES) | Older hospitalised adults | ? Not assessed |  +  Moderate |  +  Moderate |  +  (French) Moderate |  +  Moderate | NR |  +  Moderate | NR | B |
Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) 10 item version | Older adults in geriatric rehabilitation | ? Not assessed | NR |  +  Moderate | N/A |  +  Moderate | NR |  −  Low | NR | B |
Falls Efficacy Scale—International (FES-I) | Older adults in geriatric rehabilitation | ? Not assessed |  ±  Moderate |  +  High | N/A |  ±  Moderate |  ±  Moderate |  ±  Moderate | NR | B |
Perform-FES | Older hospitalised adults | ? Not assessed | NR |  +  Moderate | N/A |  +  Low | NR |  +  Moderate | NR | B |
Spinal Cord Injury-Falls Concern Scale (SCI-FCS) | Adults with a spinal cord injury |  +  High |  ±  Moderate |  +  Moderate |  ±  (Brazilian- Portugese, Norwegian, Thai) Moderate |  +  Moderate |  ±  Moderate |  −  Moderate | NR | A |
Confidence to Perform Without Falling Scale | Older adults in acute care units | ? Not assessed |  −  Low |  +  Moderate | N/A |  −  Low | NR |  −  Low | NR | C |
Construct: Fear of Falling | ||||||||||
Fear of Falling Questionnaire-revised (FFQ-R) 15 items | Older adults following a hip fracture | ? Not assessed |  +  Moderate |  +  High | N/A |  +  Moderate | NR |  +  High | NR | B |
Fear of Falling Questionnaire-revised (FFQ-R) 6 items | Older adults following a hip or pelvic fracture | ? Not assessed |  +  High |  +  High |  +  (German) |  +  High | NR |  +  High | NR | B |
Fear of Falling While Hospitalized Scale | Older adults in acute care units | ? Not assessed |  −  Low |  +  Moderate | N/A |  −  Low | NR |  −  Low | NR | C |
Construct: falls risk awareness | ||||||||||
Self-Awareness of Falls in Elderly (SAFE) scale | Older hospitalised adults | ? Not assessed |  +  High |  +  High |  +  (Turkish) High |  +  High | NR |  +  High | NR | B |
Self-Awareness of Falls Risk Measure (SAFRM) | Older adults in inpatient rehabilitation | ? Not assessed |  +  Moderate |  +  Moderate | N/A |  +  Moderate | NR |  +  Moderate | NR | B |
Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire (FRAQ) | Older hospitalised adults | ? Not assessed | NR | NR | N/A | NR | NR |  −  Very low | NR | C |
Falls Risk Perception Questionnaire (FRPQ) | Older hospitalised adults |  +  High |  +  Moderate |  +  High | N/A |  −  Low | NR |  +  High | NR | A |
Construct: outcome expectancy | ||||||||||
Consequences of Falling While Hospitalized Scale | Older adults in acute care units | ? Not assessed |  −  Low |  +  Moderate | N/A |  −  Low | NR |  −  Low | NR | C |
Intention to Engage in Fall Prevention Scale | Older adults in acute care units | ? Not assessed |  −  Low |  +  Moderate | N/A |  −  Low | NR |  −  Low | NR | C |