Validation of NASH-CHECK: a novel patient-reported outcome measure for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 2 Confirmatory factor analysis: standardized item factor loadings for NASH-CHECK scales

NASH-CHECK items (CFA model; n = 149)	Standardized factor loadings
Cognitive symptoms items (1-factor model^a)	Cognitive symptoms
Focusing	0.871*
Thinking clearly	0.994*
Following conversation	0.786*
Forgetful	0.804*

Activity limitations items (bifactor model)	Activity limitation (general factor)	Ambulation (specific group factor)
Bending	0.832*	–
Light chores	0.951*	–
Heavy chores	0.976*	–
Lifting	0.949*	–
Short walk	0.800*	0.451*
Long walk	0.741*	0.653*
Brisk walk	0.767*	0.511*
Walk up stairs	0.840*	0.240*

Emotions and social items (separate 1-factor models)	Emotional impact	Social impact
Worry	0.821*
Feel down	0.956*
Feel angry	0.761*
Feeling judged	0.511*
Relationships		0.849*
Everyday activities		0.955*
Family life		0.867*
Intimacy		0.708*
Socialise		0.777*
Spare time		0.993*
Work or study		0.834*

CFA confirmatory factor analysis, CFI comparative fit index, NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation, SRMR standardized root mean square residual, TLI Tucker–Lewis index, WRMR weighted root mean square residual
^aThe 1-factor model allowed residuals between ‘Following conversation’ and ‘Forgetful’ items to correlate, as suggested by the modification indices and residual correlation matrix of the unadjusted model
^*P < 0.05 for H0: Loading = 0
Overall model fit: Cognitive Symptoms: χ²[1, n = 149] = 0.000; P = 0.994; RMSEA = 0.00; CFI = 1.0, TLI = 1.0; SRMR = 0.00. Activity Limitations: χ2[16, n = 149] = 31.254; P = 0.013; RMSEA = 0.08; CFI = 1.0, TLI = 1.0; WRMR = 0.46. Explained common variance of the general factor = 0.86. Emotional Impact: χ2[1, n = 149] = 1.129; P = 0.288; RMSEA = 0.03; CFI = 1.0, TLI = 1.0; WRMR = 0.12. Social Impact: χ2[14, n = 149] = 27.526; P = 0.016; RMSEA = 0.08; CFI = 1.0, TLI = 1.0; WRMR = 0.61