Development and validation of fear of hypoglycemia screener: results from the T1D exchange registry

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 3 Correlation coefficients between screener scores and established PROs

	Screener scores
	Total N = 397	Worry N = 397	Behavior N = 397
Reliability and scores distribution
Cronbach’s alpha	0.88	0.90	0.75
Score, mean (SD)	26.3 (8.3)	19.1 (6.3)	7.3 (3.1)
Construct validity
Screener – worry	0.95	–	–
Screener – behavior	0.75	0.49	–
HFS – worry	0.75	0.74	0.48
HFS – avoidance behavior	0.71	0.60	0.68
HFS – total	0.81	0.75	0.62
GAD-7 (general anxiety)	0.47	0.42	0.40
PHQ-8 (depression)	0.44	0.36	0.44
T1-DDS - hypo distress	0.66	0.66	0.42
T1-DDS - management distress	0.49	0.39	0.50
T1-DDS - powerlessness	0.54	0.49	0.44

GAD-7, generalized anxiety disorder; HFS, hypoglycemia fear survey; N, number of patients; PHQ-8, patient health questionnaire-8; SD, standard deviation; T1-DDS, diabetes distress scale for adults with Type 1 diabetes. Data presented as Cronbach’s alpha /mean for reliability and scores distribution and as mean / correlation coefficients for construct validity; all P-values < 0.001