Table 1 Sample characteristics (n = 1351)
|  | Mean ± SD or N (%) | Range |
|---|---|---|
Age | ||
 65–74 years | 684 (50.63%) |  |
 75–84 years | 500 (37.01%) |  |
 85 + years | 167 (12.36%) |  |
Gender | ||
 Male | 550 (40.71%) |  |
 Female | 801 (59.29%) |  |
Race (n = 1349) | ||
 White | 1065 (78.95%) |  |
 Non-white | 284 (21.05%) |  |
Number of chronic conditions (n = 1346) | 1.71 ± 1.18 | 0–6 |
IADL (n = 1346) | 0.23 ± 0.71 | 0–5 |
 No IADL difficulty | 1169 (86.85%) |  |
 Some IADL difficulty | 177 (13.15%) |  |
Frailty (n = 1297) | ||
 Yes | 187 (14.42%) |  |
 No | 1110 (85.58%) |  |
Self-rated memory (n = 1315) | 2.88 ± 0.89 | 1–5 |
 Excellent | 39 (2.97%) |  |
 Very good | 267 (20.30%) |  |
 Good | 583 (44.33%) |  |
 Fair | 354 (26.92%) |  |
 Poor | 72 (5.48%) |  |
Interpersonal closeness | ||
 Spouse/partner (n = 1321) | 2.75 ± 1.79 | 1–5 |
 Children (n = 1338) | 2.15 ± 1.39 | 0–5 |
 Other family members (n = 1347) | 2.50 ± 1.82 | 0–5 |
 Friends (n = 1342) | 2.74 ± 1.81 | 0–5 |
 Optimism (n = 1295) | 13.80 ± 3.41 | 3–18 |
 Mastery (n = 1319) | 23.42 ± 5.81 | 5–30 |
 Coping (n = 1258) | 20.17 ± 5.43 | 5–30 |
 Life satisfaction (n = 1309) | 26.15 ± 6.89 | 5–35 |