Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 4 Effect size of the significant differences between the subgroups

From: Psychometric evaluation of the WHODAS 2.0 and prevalence of disability in a Swedish general population

	Subgroups for comparison*	WHODAS 2.0
		Total score	Cognition	Mobility	Self-care	Getting along	Life activities: household	Life activities: work/study	Participation
		ES	ES	ES	ES	ES	ES	ES	ES
Age group
20–29	80+	0.75	0.44	1.23	0.52	0.48	0.57	0.76	0.60
30–39		0.81	0.53	1.27	0.63	0.57	0.60	0.79	0.63
40–49		0.91	0.61	1.25	0.64	0.78	0.77	0.90	0.67
50–59		0.68	0.45	0.92	0.51	0.65	0.64	0.82	0.50
60–69		0.83	0.64	0.92	0.53	0.67	0.76	0.83	0.65
70–79		0.78	0.61	0.68	0.48	0.59	0.66	0.97	0.62
Education
High school	Mandatory	0.40	0.27	0.57	0.36	0.32	0.34	0.29	0.28
University		0.56	0.47	0.77	0.48	0.43	0.44	0.37	0.40
Occupation
Employment or own company	Student or trainee	0.43	0.44	–	–	0.39	0.34	0.43	0.31
Employment or own a company	Old age pension	0.52	0.33	0.80	0.44	0.43	0.42	0.40	0.43
Employment or own a company	Long-term sick leave	2.57	1.93	2.16	1.65	1.67	1.95	2.64	2.48
Student or trainee	Long-term sick leave	1.61	1.09	1.52	0.84	0.92	1.33	1.60	1.86
Student or trainee	Old age pension	–	–	0.60	0.18	–	–	–	–
Old age pension	Long-term sick leave	1.46	1.23	0.70	0.61	1.06	1.13	1.76	1.64

ES, Effect size, Cohens d. An effect is considered to be small if d = 0.20–0.49, moderate if d = 0.50–0.79, and large if d 0.8. ˃
*The effect sizes were calculated by pairwise comparison of the significant differences between the age group of 80+ and all the other age groups, between mandatory education and all the other education subgroups and between the occupation subgroups

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