Psychometric evaluation of the WHODAS 2.0 and prevalence of disability in a Swedish general population

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 2 Distribution and internal consistency reliability of the WHODAS 2.0 domains and the total scores in a Swedish general population

WHODAS 2.0	n	Mean (SD)	Skewness	Kurtosis	Median	Observed range	Floor effect %	Ceiling effect %	Missing domain %	Cronbach’s α
Cognition	3221	14.0 (19.1)	1.565	1.973	5.0	0–100	42.9	0.2	7.5	0.92
Mobility	3248	15.0 (22.7)	1.622	1.790	0.0	0–100	51.8	0.4	6.7	0.93
Self-care	3255	7.6 (17.7)	2.894	8.426	0.0	0–100	74.5	0.2	6.5	0.88
Getting along	3213	16.2 (21.0)	1.396	1.447	8.3	0–100	46.3	0.3	7.7	0.84
Life activities: household	3263	18.9 (26.3)	1.360	0.957	0.0	0–100	52.3	1.7	6.3	0.96
Life activities: work/study	2364	15.4 (23.9)	1.771	2.624	0.0	0–100	55.1	2.0	32.1*	0.96
Participation	3089	18.4 (20.2)	1.193	0.786	12.5	0–100	30.0	0.0	11.3	0.91
Total score	2989	15.2 (17.5)	1.484	1.850	15.2	0–96.7	17.4	0.0	14.2	0.97

A Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.7 or higher is considered to be acceptable for group comparison, while a score ≥ 0.9 is required for individual comparison
A participant did not have a domain score if more than one item was missing in each domain: domain scores for all the domains except the work/study portion of the Life activities domain were needed to compute a total score
*Individuals who did not work or study were instructed to skip the items in this domain