Table 2 Intervention characteristics of the included studies
Study | PROM used | RROM collection frequency | Administration format | Feedback Audience | Feedback content design | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Report | Treatment advice | Alert | |||||
Absolom [23] UK | Author-developed questionnaire collecting symptom presence and severity | Once per week | Self-administrated online questionnaire using PCs or mobile phones | Clinicians and patients | Competed symptom reports were displayed in EHR in real time | Yes | Emails were sent to clinicians for severe symptoms |
Anderson [24] USA | Assessments of pain and related symptoms, severity, and barriers | Twice per week | Self-administrated via IVR | Clinicians | Not specified | Not specified | Emails were sent to clinicians when pain level > = 5 |
Basch [25] USA | 12 common symptoms experienced during chemotherapy from the CTCAE | Not specified | Self-administrated via PCs or mobile phones | Clinicians | Patient's symptom burden profiles were provided to clinicians | Not specified | Emails were sent to nurses when a severe or worsening symptom reported |
Bryant [26] USA | Adverse events using PRO-CTCAE | Daily | Self-administrated via tablets at post-transplantation | Clinicians | Completed patient reports were immediately sent to nurses | Not specified | Not specified |
Cleeland [27] USA | Symptoms using MDASI | Twice per week | Self-administrated via IVR | Clinicians | Not specified | Not specified | Email alerts were sent to clinicians when one or more symptoms met or exceeded a severity threshold |
Denis [28] France | Author-developed tool assessing severity of symptoms including appetite loss, fatigue, pain, cough, depression, and breathlessness | Once per week | Self-administrated via a web application | Clinicians | Item scores in a graphical format were sent to clinicians immediately after completion | Not specified | Emails were sent to nurses when criteria were fulfilled based on a dynamic weekly analysis |
Detmar [29] The Netherlands | HRQL using QLQ-C30 and SF-36 | Once per visit | Self-administrated via a desktop computer in the waiting room | Clinicians and Patients | A paper-based graphical summary profile of patient’s HRQL was provided | Not specified | No alert was provided |
Fann [30] USA | ESRA-C questionnaires | Once per 2 to 4 weeks | Self-administrated via a web application | Clinicians and patients | Two-page, color-keyed patient report summary was provided to clinicians before visits | Yes | Verbal notification from research staff was given to clinicians at the time of the visits |
Girgis [31] Australia | Anxiety and depression using HADS, HRQL using EORTC version 3, and perceived needs using Supportive Needs Survey – Short Form | Every 3 months | Interviewer-administrated via telephone | Clinicians | A summary page with highlighted concerns and detailed patient scores alongside management strategies via email (txt 1) or mail (txt 2) | Yes | Not specified |
Hoekstra [32] The Netherlands | Author-developed questionnaire for prevalence and severity assessment of 10 physical symptoms | Once per week | Self-administrated using a systematic symptom monitoring instrument | Clinicians and patients | Completed questionnaires were provided without a summary | Not specified | Not specified |
Kornblith [33] USA | HADS, EORTC QLQ-C30, MOS Social Support Survey | Once per week | Interviewer-administrated via phone call by trained monitors | Clinicians | Not specified | Not specified | Phone calls to oncology nurses when patients scored above cutoff levels within 24 h |
Kuo [34] Canada | eLCSS-QL monitoring patient-reported symptoms related to lung cancer disease and treatment | Once per visit | Self-administrated via PDAs | Clinicians | Graphical summaries of eLCSS-QL reports with current scores and changes over time were provided | Not specified | Not specified |
Lugtenberg [48] The Netherlands | Standard questionnaire assessing QoL (EORTC QLQ-BR23 & CNB), distress (the NCCN DT), and care needs (open question) | Once per visit | Self-administrated via a web portal or paper-based questionnaire | Clinicians and patients | A graphical summary of patient reports was provided | Not specified | Not specified |
McLachlan [35] Australia | CNQ-short form for perceived care needs, EORTC QLQ-C30 for quality of life, and BDI short form for depression measurement | Once per visit | Self-administrated via touch-screen computers | Clinicians | A computer-generated one-page summary of patient reports was provided | Yes | Not specified |
Moore [36] Australia | Myeloma Patient Outcome Scale | Once per visit | Not specified | Clinicians | A summary of patient reports was provided | Not specified | Not specified |
Nimako [37] UK | EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-LC13 | Not specified | Self-administrated paper-based questionnaire in the waiting room | Clinicians | A completed questionnaire was provided without a summary were provided | No | No alert provided |
Nipp [38] USA | ESAS-r, PHQ-4 | Daily | Self-administrated using tablet PCs | Clinicians | A daily summary and graphical summary of score changes over time were provided | No | An alert was provided whenever a symptom worsened by two or more points or reached an absolute threshold of 4 |
Nipp [52] USA | ESAS, PHQ-4 | Daily | Self-administrated using tablet PCs | Clinicians | A daily summary and graphical summary of score changes over time were provided | No | An alert was provided whenever a symptom worsened by two or more points or reached an absolute threshold of 4 |
Rosenbloom [39] USA | FACT-G | Once per visit | Txt1: Self-administrated paper-based questionnaire Txt 2: interviewer-administrated paper-based questionnaire | Clinicians | Raw data without summary | Txt 1: No recommendation was provided Txt 2: Items rated as server impairment or worse than expected were highlighted in the reports | Not specified |
Ruland [40] Norway | Author-developed assessment tool for cancer-specific symptoms | Once per visit or once per week | Self-administrated via tablet PCs | Clinicians and patients | A printed summary of the assessment was provided | Not specified | Not specified |
Ruland [41] USA | Author-developed assessment tool for cancer-specific symptoms | Once per visit | Self-administrated via tablet PCs | Clinicians | A printed summary of the assessment was provided | Not specified | Not specified |
Strasser [42] Switzerland | ESAS | Once per week | Self-administrated using handheld PCs | Clinicians | Printed, colored longitudinal monitoring sheets were provided | No | Not specified |
Tolstrup [43] Denmark | PRO-CTCAE | Once per week | Self-administrated via tablet PCs | Clinicians and patients | Longitudinal, graphical results were provided | Not specified | Professional healthcare options were provided when patients reported mild or higher adverse events |
Trowbridge [44] USA | Author-developed tool assessing pain level, patient satisfaction with regimens, and degrees of pain relief | At baseline visit and four weeks after | Self-administrated via a paper-based questionnaire | Clinicians | A summary sheet of completed patient reports was provided | Not specified | Not specified |
van der Hout [45] The Netherlands | Author-developed tool assessing symptom management and HRQL | Not specified | Self-administrated via PCs and mobile phones | Patients | Immediate evidence-based feedback with tailored self-care advice was provided | Yes | Self-help interventions or professional healthcare options were provided when patient scores elevated |
Velikova [15] UK | EORTC QLQ-C30 and HADS | Once per visit | Self-administrated via tablet PCs | Clinicians | Longitudinal, graphical summaries of patient reports were provided | No | No |
Wheelock [46] USA | SF-36, PHQ-8, and symptom questions modified from the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale | Every 3 months | Self-administrated via PCs | Clinicians | Completed patient results without longitudinal or graphical summary were immediately sent to clinicians | Not specified | No |
Wolfe [47] USA | PQ-MSAS, PEDsQL4.0, and overall sickness question | Once per week or per month | Self-administrated via tablet PCs | Clinicians | Graphical summary profiles of patient reports were provided immediately after completion | Yes | Email alerts were sent to clinicians if patient scores reached predefined thresholds |
Zhang [50] China | Author-developed questionnaire of common symptoms based on CTCAE version 5.0 | Once per week | Self-administrated via smartphones | Both | Not specified | Yes | Alerts were provided via email, app, and text when a grade 3 or 4 irAE was reported |