Table 1 Patient characteristics on index day
All | BNT162b2 | Unvaccinated | P value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total, n | 430 | 233 | 197 | |
Age, years | ||||
Mean, SD | 42.4 (14.3) | 43.7 (15.3) | 40.9 (12.9) | 0.049 |
18–29 | 87 (20.2%) | 49 (21.0%) | 38 (19.3%) | 0.011 |
30–49 | 213 (49.5%) | 100 (42.9%) | 113 (57.4%) | |
50–64 | 94 (21.9%) | 60 (25.8%) | 34 (17.3%) | |
≥ 65 | 36 (8.4%) | 24 (10.3%) | 12 (6.1%) | |
Gender | 0.966 | |||
Female | 327 (76.0%) | 177 (76.0%) | 150 (76.1%) | |
Male | 103 (24.0%) | 56 (24.0%) | 47 (23.9%) | |
Race/ethnicity | 0.026 | |||
White or Caucasian (not Hispanic or Latino) | 295 (68.6%) | 166 (71.2%) | 129 (65.5%) | |
Black or African American | 20 (4.7%) | 7 (3.0%) | 13 (6.6%) | |
Hispanic | 61 (14.2%) | 35 (15.0%) | 26 (13.2%) | |
Asian | 22 (5.1%) | 15 (6.4%) | 7 (3.6%) | |
Patient refused | 13 (3.0%) | 5 (2.2%) | 8 (4.1%) | |
Other | 19 (4.4%) | 5 (2.2%) | 14 (7.1%) | |
CMS geographic region (n, %) | 0.009 | |||
Region 1: ME, NH, VT, MA, CT, RI | 19 (4.4%) | 10 (4.3%) | 9 (4.6%) | |
Region 2: NY, NJ, PR, VI | 11 (2.6%) | 7 (3.0%) | 4 (2.0%) | |
Region 3: PA, DE, MD, DC, WV, VA | 37 (8.6%) | 22 (9.4%) | 15 (7.6%) | |
Region 4: KY, TN, NC, SC, GA, MS, AL, FL | 156 (36.3%) | 81 (34.8%) | 75 (38.1%) | |
Region 5: MN, WI, IL, MI, IN, OH | 58 (13.5%) | 31 (13.3%) | 27 (13.7%) | |
Region 6: NM, OK, AR, TX, LA | 82 (19.1%) | 56 (24.0%) | 26 (13.2%) | |
Region 7: NE, IA, KS, MO | 19 (4.4%) | 11 (4.7%) | 8 (4.1%) | |
Region 8: MT, ND, SD, WY, UT, CO | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Region 9: CA, NV, AZ, GU | 46 (10.7%) | 13 (5.6%) | 33 (16.8%) | |
Region 10: AK, WA, OR, ID | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
U.S. geographic region | 0.005 | |||
Northeast | 53 (12.2%) | 29 (12.3%) | 24 (12.2%) | |
South | 254 (58.7%) | 150 (63.6%) | 104 (52.8%) | |
Midwest | 77 (17.8%) | 42 (17.8%) | 35 (17.8%) | |
West | 49 (11.3%) | 15 (6.4%) | 34 (17.3%) | |
Previously tested positive | 167 (38.8%) | 89 (38.2%) | 78 (39.6%) | 0.589 |
Work in healthcare | 47 (10.9%) | 29 (12.4%) | 18 (9.1%) | 0.309 |
Work in high-risk setting | 44 (10.2%) | 30 (12.9%) | 14 (7.1%) | 0.158 |
Live in high-risk setting | 22 (5.1%) | 12 (5.2%) | 10 (5.1%) | 0.553 |
Social vulnerability index, mean (SD) | 0.44 (0.22) | 0.40 (0.22) | 0.49 (0.21) | < 0.001 |
Self-reported comorbidity | ||||
Asthma or chronic lung disease | 34 (7.9%) | 21 (9.0%) | 13 (6.6%) | 0.355 |
Cirrhosis of the liver | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.0000 |
Immunocompromised conditions or weakened immune systemc | 19 (4.4%) | 12 (5.2%) | 7 (3.6%) | 0.422 |
Diabetes | 20 (4.7%) | 13 (5.6%) | 7 (3.6%) | 0.320 |
Heart conditions or hypertension | 52 (12.1%) | 30 (12.9%) | 22 (11.2%) | 0.588 |
Overweight or obesity | 19 (4.4%) | 12 (5.2%) | 7 (3.6%) | 0.422 |
At least 1 comorbidity | 104 (24.2%) | 61 (26.2%) | 43 (21.8%) | 0.294 |
Number of comorbidities, mean (SD) | 0.34 (0.68) | 0.38 (0.75) | 0.28 (0.58) | 0.138 |
Index dayb acute COVID-19 symptoms | ||||
Systemic symptoms | ||||
Fever | 164 (38.1%) | 71 (30.5%) | 93 (47.2%) | < 0.001 |
Chills | 213 (49.5%) | 100 (42.9%) | 113 (57.4%) | 0.003 |
Muscle or body aches | 232 (54.0%) | 115 (49.4%) | 117 (59.4%) | 0.038 |
Headache | 293 (68.1%) | 153 (65.7%) | 140 (71.1%) | 0.231 |
Fatigue | 266 (61.9%) | 141 (60.5%) | 125 (63.5%) | 0.532 |
Respiratory symptoms | ||||
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing | 54 (12.6%) | 25 (10.7%) | 29 (14.7%) | 0.213 |
Cough | 309 (71.9%) | 168 (72.1%) | 141 (71.6%) | 0.903 |
Sore throat | 238 (55.3%) | 134 (57.5%) | 104 (52.8%) | 0.327 |
New/recent loss of taste or smell | 45 (10.5%) | 23 (9.9%) | 22 (11.2%) | 0.662 |
Congestion or runny nose | 322 (74.9%) | 188 (80.7%) | 134 (68.0%) | 0.003 |
GI symptoms | ||||
Nausea or vomiting | 55 (12.8%) | 24 (10.3%) | 31 (15.7%) | 0.093 |
Diarrhea | 88 (20.5%) | 37 (15.9%) | 51 (25.9%) | 0.010 |
Number of acute COVID-19 symptoms, mean (SD) | 5.3 (2.6) | 5.1 (2.4) | 5.6 (2.7) | 0.034 |