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Table 1 Patient Characteristics (n = 188)

From: Self-reported pain among Cambodian Americans with depression: patient-provider communication as an overlooked social determinant

Characteristic

Frequency

Percentage

Gender

Female

145

78.0%

Age

Mean ± SD

55.2 ± 8.9

 

Health Insurance

Medicare/Medicaid

Private

Other

Don’t Know/Refused

106

64

8

8

57.0%

34.4%

4.3%

4.3%

Household Income

 < $20,000

$20,000—$30,000

$31,000—$40,000

Over $40,000

81

41

17

27

48.8%

24.7%

10.2%

16.3%

Working

Yes

67

36.0%

Education Years

Mean ± SD

6.9 ± 5.0

 

English (% conversational/very well)

How well do you speak?

How well do you read?

59

55

31.7%

29.6%

Years in Khmer Rouge

Mean ± SD

3.2 ± 1.1

 

Years in Refugee Camp

Mean ± SD

3.0 ± 5.2

 

Food Insecurity

Yes

39

21.3%

Access to Car

Yes

139

74.7%

Difficulty Understanding Provider

Sometimes/Often/Always

80

43.6%

Difficulty Understanding Pharmacist

Sometimes/Often

9

5.6%

Social Isolation

Sometimes/Usually/Always

70

28.0%

Social Support

Mean ± SD

2.8 ± 0.9

 

Post-traumatic stress symptoms

Mean ± SD

1.9 ± 0.6

 

Depressive symptoms

Mean ± SD

1.9 ± 0.7

 

Pain Score

0

1–2

3–4

5–6

7–8

68

22

40

32

24

36.6%

11.8%

21.5%

17.2%

12.9%