Psychometric validation of a Saudi Arabian version of the sf-36v2 health survey and norm data for Saudi Arabia

AboAbat, Ahmad; Qannam, Hazem; Bjorner, Jakob Bue; Al-Tannir, Mohamad

doi:10.1186/s41687-020-00233-6

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 8 Test of Differential Item Function (DIF) between Saudi and US SF-36v2 versions

From: Psychometric validation of a Saudi Arabian version of the sf-36v2 health survey and norm data for Saudi Arabia

Item	Abbreviated text	dR²	DIF	DIF direction for SA
PF01	… vigorous activities, such as running, lifting heavy objects, participating in strenuous sports?	0.021
PF02	… moderate activities, such as moving a table, pushing a vacuum cleaner, bowling, or playing golf?	0.045	NU	↑
PF03	… lifting or carrying groceries?	0.020
PF04	… climbing several flights of stairs?	0.014
PF05	… climbing one flight of stairs?	0.018
PF06	… bending, kneeling, or stooping?	0.121	NU	↑
PF07	… walking more than a mile?	0.027
PF08	… walking several hundred yards?	0.010
PF09	… walking one hundred yards?	0.001
PF10	… bathing or dressing yourself?	0.035	NU	↓
RP01	cut down on the amount of time	0.010
RP02	accomplished less than you would like	0.008
RP03	limited in the kind of work or other activities	0.000
RP04	difficulty performing the work or other activities	0.000
BP01	How much bodily pain have you had during the past 4 weeks?	0.005
BP02	how much did pain interfere with your normal work	0.008
GH01	In general, would you say your health is:	0.088	NU	↑
GH02	seem to get sick a little easier than other people	0.039	U	↓
GH03	as healthy as anybody I know	0.001
GH04	I expect my health to get worse	0.001
GH05	health is excellent	0.058	NU	↑
VT01	did you feel full of life?	0.001
VT02	did you have a lot of energy?	0.011
VT03	did you feel worn out?	0.010
VT04	did you feel tired?	0.003
SF01	your normal social activities with family, friends, neighbors, or groups?	0.002
SF02	your social activities (like visiting with friends, relatives, etc.)?	0.003
RE01	Cut down on the amount of time you spent on work or other activities	0.004
RE02	Accomplished less than you would like	0.004
RE03	Did work or other activities less carefully than usual	0.031	U	↓
MH01	been very nervous?	0.000
MH02	felt so down in the dumps that nothing could cheer you up?	0.000
MH03	felt calm and peaceful?	0.052	U	↑
MH04	felt downhearted and depressed?	0.001
MH05	been happy?	0.034	U	↑

dR²: Increase in explained item variance by including DIF term, values > 0.03 in bold, NU: non-uniform DIF, U: uniform DIF, ↑: Item score in Saudi Arabia tended to be higher than would be expected from anchor items, ↓: Item score in Saudi Arabia tended to be lower than would be expected from anchor items

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