Evaluation of the usefulness of EQ-5D as a patient-reported outcome measure using the Paretian classification of health change among patients with chronic heart failure

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 3 Results from multiple logistic regression analysis with Odds Ratios (OR) of factors affecting improved outcomes in the two groups HFpEF and HFrEF

	Improved
	HFpEF ≥50%		HFrEF < 40%
	OR	p-value	OR	p-value
Clinic (cardiology vs. medicine/geriatric clinic)			1.428	< 0.001
Fatigue (pronounced/severe limitations vs. light)			1.588	< 0.001
Shortness of breath (pronounced/severe limitations vs. light)	1.596	0.005
Ischaemic heart disease (yes/no)			0.787	0.004
Pulmonary disease (yes/no)			0.742	0.014
Reduced renal function (yes/no)	0.709	0.037	0.712	< 0.001

All analyses controlled for: Sex (female vs. male), Age (over 75 years old), Smoker (yes/no), Clinic (Cardiology vs. Medicine/Geriatrics), Follow up referral to hospital (Hospital vs. Primary care) Follow up referral to out-patient HF nurse (yes/no), NYHA classification grades III/IV vs. 1/II, Fatigue – pronounced/severe limitations, Shortness of breath – pronounced/severe limitations, Duration of heart failure > 6 months), Ischaemic heart disease, Previous myocardial infarction, Hypertension, Atrial fibrillation/flutter, Diabetes, Pulmonary disease, Anaemia, Mean heart rate bpm > 70, Renal function (e-GFR < 60 μmol/L), ACEI/ARB, ß-blocker, MRA, Diuretic
Abbreviations: ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, EF ejection fraction, e-GFR estimated glomerular filtration, HFrEF Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction, HFpEF Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, NYHA New York Heart Association