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Table 4 Concept Comparison across Literature and Patient Report

From: Development of the neurotrophic keratopathy questionnaire: qualitative research

Concept

Reported in Literature: NK

Reported in Literature: Related Conditionsa

Spontaneous

Probed

Total (N = 14)

N, %

Item in NKQ

Redness

X

X

0

12 (86%)

12 (86%)

5

Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

NR

X

6 (43%)

5 (36%)

11 (79%)

7

General discomfort

X

X

2 (14%)

7 (50%)

9 (64%)

6

Dryness

X

X

3 (21%)

6 (43%)

9 (64%)

3

Reduction in visual acuity

X

X

6 (43%)

3 (21%)

9 (64%)

1

Blurred vision (or glare disability)

NR

X

4 (29%)

4 (29%)

8 (57%)

2

Burning or stinging

NR

X

0

5 (36%)

5 (36%)

4

Irregular blinking

X

X

0

1 (7%)

1 (7%)

8

Decreased corneal sensationb (hypoesthesia or anesthesia)

X

X

NA

NA

NA

9

Increased or decreased tear productionc

X

X

NA

NA

NA

10

Tearing (watery eyes)c

NR

X

NA

NA

NA

11

Pain or discomfort (acute, chronic, or prodromal)d

X

X

1 (7%)

2 (14%)

3 (21%)

None

Ocular fatiguee

NR

X

0

8 (57%)

8 (57%)

None

Irritation or sorenesse

NR

X

2 (14%)

5 (36%)

7 (50%)

None

Itching (scratchiness)e

NR

X

0

7 (50%)

7 (50%)

None

Foreign body sensation (sand, grit in eye)e

NR

X

0

6 (43%)

6 (43%)

None

Inflammation (swelling of eye and/or eyelid)e

X

X

1 (7%)

3 (21%)

4 (29%)

None

Forced closing of eyelidse

NR

X

0

2 (14%)

2 (14%)

None

Dischargee

NR

X

1 (7%)

1 (7%)

2 (14%)

None

Headachese

NR

NR

0

2 (14%)

2 (14%)

None

Sores or rash around the eyese

NR

X

0

1 (7%)

1 (7%)

None

Cutaneous blisteringe

NR

X

0

1 (7%)

1 (7%)

None

Punched-out oval or circular shapee

NR

X

0

0

0 (0%)

None

Sensitivity to coldf

NR

NR

1 (7%)

0

1 (7%)

None

Increased optic pressuref

NR

NR

1 (7%)

0

1 (7%)

None

Bleedingf

NR

NR

1 (7%)

0

1 (7%)

None

Decreased peripheral visionf

NR

NR

1 (7%)

0

1 (7%)

None

Floatersf

NR

NR

1 (7%)

0

1 (7%)

None

  1. aRelated conditions: dry eye, herpetic infections, and limbal stem-cell deficiency
  2. bDecreased corneal sensation was not reported by participants; however, clinical confirmation of this symptom is required for NK diagnosis
  3. cTear production and watery eyes were not reported by participants; however, NK is caused by damage to the trigeminal nerve, which helps maintain the anatomical integrity of the ocular surface, including tear gland functioning, so assessment of this symptom is clinically important to NK
  4. dItem 6 asks about discomfort but not pain
  5. eBased on the review of the literature, several symptom probes were included in the interview guide to determine if the symptoms should be included in the questionnaire. For the most part, the symptoms were only reported by participants when probed, indicating these symptoms are of lower importance to patients
  6. fThese symptoms were not listed in the interview guide and were spontaneously reported by participants
  7. Abbreviations: NA Not asked, NK Neurotrophic keratopathy, NKQ Neurotrophic Keratopathy Questionnaire, NR Not reported, X Reported