What are the optimal measures to identify anxiety and depression in people diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC): a systematic review

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 3 Patient reported outcome measures of anxiety: measurement properties

	Method^a	HADS	STAI	SAS	BAI	MASQ	DASS 21	Duke-AD	BSI-18	GAD-7
Item generation	Literature	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
	Patient/person interviews			✓					✓
	Clinician interviews/Expert opinion								✓
Item reduction	Missing data for summary scores
	Missing item data
	Factor Analysis	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
Psychometric analyses	Cronbach’s α	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
	Test-retest reliability	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓
	Content validity	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
	Item total correlations	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
	Convergent/discriminant (or divergent) validity	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
	Hypothesis testing	✓		✓		✓	✓	✓		✓
	Translated into other languages	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓
Cut off points	Responsiveness	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓
	Clinical cut-off	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
	Clinical cut-off for cancer	✓					✓		✓

HADS Hospital anxiety and depression scale, STAI State trait anxiety inventory, SAS Zung self-rating anxiety scale, BAI Beck Anxiety inventory, MASQ Mood and anxiety symptom questionnaire, DASS 21 Depression anxiety stress scale −21, Duke-AD Duke anxiety depression scale, BSI-18 Brief symptom inventory − 18, GAD-7 Generalized anxiety disorder – 7
^aCriteria based on the COSMIN checklist; ✓ - Present