Perceived COVID-19 pandemic impact and protective factors predicting patient-reported depression and anxiety in individuals living with cancer

Fortune, Erica E.; Zaleta, Alexandra K.; Morris, Victoria G.

doi:10.1186/s41687-023-00571-1

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 4 Hierarchical regression results predicting Depression (Model 1) and Anxiety (Model 2)

From: Perceived COVID-19 pandemic impact and protective factors predicting patient-reported depression and anxiety in individuals living with cancer

Predictors	Model 1: Depression (N = 499)		Model 2: Anxiety (N = 501)
Predictors	B [95% CI]	β	B [95% CI]	β
Step 1: sociodemographic variables
Age	− 0.10 [− 0.15, − 0.05]	− 0.13***	− 0.13 [− 0.19, − 0.08]	− 0.17***
Gender (1 = Woman)	1.70 [0.37, 3.02]	0.08*	2.64 [1.16, 4.13]	0.12***
Low income (1 = < 20 k)	1.93 [− 0.26, 4.11]	0.06	3.39 [0.95, 5.83]	0.10**
Race (1 = Non-Hispanic White)	− 0.10 [− 1.53, 1.33]	− 0.01	0.16 [− 1.43, 1.75]	− 0.01
R²	0.05		0.08
F	6.772***		11.426***
Step 2: clinical history
Health status	− 1.63 [− 2.31, − 0.94]	− 0.17***	− 1.09 [− 1.85, − 0.33]	− 0.11**
Cancer status (1 = active cancer)	1.64 [0.34, 2.95]	0.08*	1.48 [0.29, 2.94]	0.07*
Time since diagnosis	0.07 [− 0.01, 0.14]	0.06	0.07 [− 0.02, 0.15]	0.06
R²	0.22		0.20
ΔR²	0.17		0.11
ΔF	34.883***		22.841***
Step 3: COVID-19 impact
Finances	0.58 [0, 1.16]	0.07*	0.61 [− 0.04, 1.26]	0.07
Family	0.41 [− 0.14, 0.96]	0.06	1.11 [0.49, 1.73]	0.14***
Essential needs	0.32 [− 0.24, 0.87]	0.04	0.50 [− 0.12, 1.12]	0.06
Social	0.30 [− 0.38, 0.97]	0.03	0.12 [− 0.64, 0.88]	0.01
R²	0.28		0.29
ΔR²	0.06		0.09
ΔF	10.272***		15.489***
Step 4: protective factors
CD-RISC-10 (resilience)	− 0.24 [− 0.34, − 0.12]	− 0.19***	− 0.25 [− 0.37, − 0.13]	− 0.18***
HHI (hope)	− 0.57 [− 0.70, − 0.44]	− 0.37***	− 0.46 [− 0.61, − 0.31]	-0.29***
R²	0.50		0.44
ΔR²	0.22		0.15
ΔF	103.395***		63.977***
Final model	F(13, 485) = 36.534***		F(13, 487) = 28.837***

Variables are continuous unless otherwise specified. All regression coefficients are from the final step in the analyses. COVID-19 Impact Well-being category excluded as predictor due to redundancy with outcome variables. Casewise deletion used for missing data. Model statistics at each step and significant predictors shown in bold
B unstandardized Beta; β standardized Beta
*p ≤ .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001; Sample sizes: Model 1(N = 499); Model 2 (N = 501)

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