Psychometric performance of the Chichewa versions of the EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L among healthy and sick children and adolescents in Malawi

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 3 Ceiling effect for the EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L across age groups and health condition

EQ-5D-Y-3L compared to EQ-5D-Y-5L	Children (n = 98)						Adolescents (n = 191)						All (N = 298)
	Y-3L		Y-5L		AR	RR	Y-3L		Y-5L		AR	RR	Y-3L		Y-5L		AR	RR
	n	%	n	%			n	%	n	%			n	%	n	%
Ceiling effect (11111)	25	27	36	40	− 13	− 48	104	55	96	50	5	9	128	44	132	46	− 2	− 5
Mobility (walking about)	67	68	67	68	0	0	164	86	154	81	5	6	227	79	221	76	3	4
Looking after myself	68	69	68	68	1	1	168	88	164	86	2	2	235	82	232	80	2	2
Doing usual activities	64	65	67	68	− 3	− 5	156	82	150	79	3	4	230	76	217	75	1	1
Having pain or discomfort	50	51	55	56	− 5	− 10	137	72	123	64	8	11	187	65	178	62	3	5
Feeling worried, sad, or unhappy	60	61	62	63	− 2	− 3	142	74	137	72	2	3	202	70	199	69	1	1
Floor effect (11111)	1	1	0	0	1	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility (walking about)	2	2	2	2	0	0	2	1	0	0	1	100	4	1	2	1	0	0
Looking after myself	3	3	2	2	1	33	1	1	2	1	0	0	4	1	4	1	0	0
Doing usual activities	4	4	1	1	3	75	2	1	1	1	0	0	6	2	2	1	1	50
Having pain or discomfort	5	5	2	2	3	60	4	2	1	1	1	50	9	3	1	0	3	100
Feeling worried, sad, or unhappy	6	6	5	5	1	17	7	4	9	5	− 1	− 25	15	5	14	5	0	0

EQ-5D-Y-3L compared to EQ-5D-Y-5L	Acute (n = 155)						Chronic (n = 39)						General population (n = 95)
	Y-3L		Y-5L		AR	RR	Y-3L		Y-5L		AR	RR	Y-3L		Y-5L		AR	RR
	n	%	n	%			n	%	n	%			n	%	n	%
Ceiling effect (11111)	41	26	44	28	− 2	− 8	29	74	33	85	− 11	− 15	58	61	58	61	0	0
Mobility (walking about)	103	67	98	63	4	6	35	90	33	85	5	6	89	94	90	95	− 1	− 1
Looking after myself	109	70	108	70	0	0	35	90	34	87	3	3	92	97	90	95	2	2
Doing usual activities	104	67	102	66	1	1	34	87	32	82	5	6	82	86	83	87	− 1	− 1
Having pain or discomfort	75	48	70	45	3	6	35	90	33	85	5	6	77	81	75	79	2	2
Feeling worried, sad, or unhappy	92	59	93	60	− 1	− 2	32	82	31	80	2	2	78	82	75	79	3	4
Floor effect (11111)	1	1	0	0	1	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility (walking about)	3	2	2	1	1	50	1	3	0	0	3	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Looking after myself	4	3	4	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Doing usual activities	6	4	2	1	3	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Having pain or discomfort	8	5	3	2	3	60	1	3	0	0	3	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Feeling worried, sad, or unhappy	7	5	7	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	− 1	0