Table 3 Psychometric properties of PROMs (validity, reliability, and responsiveness)
From: Patient-reported outcome measures used to improve youth mental health services: a systematic review
PROM name | Validity | Reliability | Responsiveness |
|---|---|---|---|
EQ-5D-5L [27] | NR (Not Reported) | N/R | N/R |
EQ-5D-5L [52] | NR | N/R | N/R |
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders [31] | NR | N/R | |
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders [28] | Internal consistency (0.92–0.96) | Good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.34–0.79) | N/R |
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders Child version [57] | Internal consistency (alpha = 0.74–0.93) | Test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.70–0.90) | N/R |
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders Parent version [57] | Internal consistency (alpha = 0.74–0.93) | Test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.70–0.90) | N/R |
The Children's Depression Inventory—2 [52] | Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91) | Test–retest reliability (0.76–0.92) | N/R |
The Children's Depression Inventory—2 [28] | Internal Consistency (0.75–0.85) | N/R | N/R |
KIDSCREEN-27 [29] | Internal consistency (0.67–0.88) | N/R | N/R |
KIDSCREEN-27 [44] | N/R | N/R | N/R |
KIDSCREEN-27 [43] | Internal consistency: (0.78–0.83) | Intraclass correlation between ICC = 0.44–0.61 | N/R |
KIDSCREEN-27 [48] | The internal consistency (0.80–0.84) | Intraclass correlation between ICC = 0.44–0.61 | N/R |
KIDSCREEN-27 [50] | Internal consistency: (0.78–0.88) | N/R | N/R |
Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire [30] | NR | NR | Kevin’s scores [53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69], correspond with the 68th and 96th percentiles |
Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire [54] | NR | NR | NR |
Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire [55] | NR | NR | NR |
Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire [56] | NR | NR | NR |
PROMIS Pediatric Depression Scale [30] | NR | NR | Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children/Adolescents decreased from (69–43) and (65–30) |
Beck Depression Inventory [31] | NR | NR | NR |
Beck Depression Inventory-II [32] | NR | NR | Patients had a high level of depression (BDI: 38.1 ± 15.6 vs. 26.6 ± 12.4) and a higher rate of suicidal behavior the beginning. All physical and psychosocial measures improved substantially and clinically significantly by discharge |
Beck Depression Inventory-II [39] | N/R | N/R | The depression score reduced after receiving CCBT |
Beck Depression Inventory-II [48] | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale [31] | NR | NR | No differences were detected between the group of children who had a previous SA |
Suicide Ideation Questionnaire Short Version [31] | NR | NR | NR |
Young Mania Rating Scale [31] | NR | NR | NR |
The health of the Nation Outcome Scale for Children and Adolescents [32] | NR | NR | Children’s Global Assessment Scale: 13.6 + 2 versus 26.9 + 9;(HONOSCA): 41.7 + 5 versus 31.9 + 5) were worse at the beginning. All physical and psychosocial measures improved substantially and clinically significantly |
Morgan-Russell (M-R) scale [32] | NR | NR | NR |
Multidimensional Mood Questionnaire [33] | NR | NR | Significant improvement in current mood state, dimension’s mood (mean 1.86; 95% CI 0.13, 3.58; p = 0.036),calmness (mean 2.71, 95% CI 1.07, 4.36; p = 0.002) |
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [34] | NR | NR | N/R |
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [33] | N/R | NR | No changes in quality of life between 2 groups |
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [41] | Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha: > 0.70) | NR | NR |
Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale [33] | N/R | NR | No changes in well being were found |
Child Health Questionnaire [35] | Internal consistency (Cronbach α:0.70–0.87) | NR | NR |
Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form [36] | NR | NR | Significant improvement in HRQOL, particularly psychosocial subscale |
Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form [37] | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [21] | Internal consistency (α: 0.73) | NR | N/R |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [38] | N/R | NR | Economic analyses suggest that SDS has at least a 50% probability of being cost-effective compared with usual care |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [40] | Internal consistency (α: 0.73) | NR | N/R |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [42] | Internal consistency (α: 0.73) | NR | Significant improvements in child-reported emotional problems from pre-treatment to post-treatment |
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [49] | N/R | NR | NR |
European Quality of Life Five Dimension [39] | N/R | NR | Quality of life was improved |
Health Utility Index Mark 2 [39] | N/R | NR | NR |
Mood and Feelings Questionnaire [39] | Internal consistency (α = 0.95) | NR | The reduction was seen in depression score as measured by MFQ |
Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale [39] | Internal consistency (α = 0.92) | Guttman split-half reliability (0.90) | NR |
Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale [42] | Internal consistency (α = 0.92) | Guttman split-half reliability (0.90) | Significant improvements in child-reported anxiety from pre-treatment–posttreatment |
TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life [41] | Cronbach's alpha (0.71–0.92) | NR | NR |
Child Behavior Checklist [44] | NR | NR | NR |
Youth Self Report [43] | NR | NR | NR |
KINDL-R [46] | Cronbach’s alpha = ≥ 0.70 | NR | Age-specific versions take into account the changes in the quality-of-life dimensions throughout the child’s development |
KINDL-R [45] | Cronbach’s alpha = ≥ 0.70 | NR | NR |
KINDL-R [47] | Internal consistency = 0.84–0.89 | NR | No change in environmental conditions, while change did significantly impair the quality of life of children |
KINDL-R [58] | Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.70) | NR | NR |
KINDL-R [59] | Cronbach’s α = 0.80) parent ratings, (0.82) the child ratings | NR | NR |
Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire [50] | N/R Cronbach's α: Restraint = 0.82; Eating Concern = 0.81; Shape Concern = 0.92; Weight Concern = 0.83, and Global score = 0.95 | NR | NR |
36-Item Short Form Survey [50] | Widely used and well-validated | N/R | NR |
EQ-VAS [52] | N/R | N/R | NR |
Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children [57] | Internal consistency (α = 0.946) | The test–retest reliability (r = 0.780) | NR |
Youth Quality of Life Instrument–Research Version [55] | Internal consistency (α = 0.77–0.96) | Intra-class-correlation coefficient (ICCs = 0.74–0.85) | NR |
Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale [59] | Internal consistency (α = 0.90) | Intra-class-correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.79) | Significant differences between the first and second administrations for the Obsession Severity Score with administration being lower than those on the first |