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Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 4 Association between patient-rated severity/impact of possible TD and EQ-5D-5L/SDS (Cohort 2A)

From: Impact of possible tardive dyskinesia on physical wellness and social functioning: results from the real-world RE-KINECT study

Severity and impact of possible TD (Cohort 2A)a

Mean score (SD)b

Regression coefficient (SE)c

EQ-5D-5L utility

SDS total

Patient-rated severity

Head/face

0.95 (0.75)

− 0.026 (0.026)

2.153 (1.136)

Neck/trunk

0.31 (0.60)

− 0.013 (0.033)

− 1.095 (1.497)

Upper extremities

0.84 (0.75)

− 0.032 (0.026)

1.031 (1.175)

Lower extremities

0.59 (0.72)

− 0.060 (0.027)*

0.539 (1.215)

Summary

2.7 (1.6)

− 0.028 (0.012)*

0.725 (0.560)

Patient-rated impact

Usual activities

0.57 (0.70)

− 0.094 (0.028)***

4.544 (1.228)***

Talking

0.53 (0.70)

− 0.032 (0.027)

1.992 (1.231)

Eating

0.41 (0.65)

− 0.068 (0.030)*

1.987 (1.394)

Breathing

0.11 (0.34)

− 0.062 (0.054)

2.927 (2.511)

Being productive

0.59 (0.69)

− 0.075 (0.028)**

4.031 (1.232)**

Self-care

0.35 (0.60)

− 0.116 (0.032)***

4.759 (1.429)**

Socializing

0.68 (0.74)

− 0.075 (0.026)**

2.818 (1.168)*

Summary

3.2 (3.1)

− 0.023 (0.006)***

1.027 (0.276)***

  1. EQ-5D-5L EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire; SD standard deviation; SDS Sheehan Disability Scale; SE standard error; TD tardive dyskinesia
  2. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 for the linear regression coefficient, indicating that the association was statistically significant. Adjusted for age, sex, overall health status, severity of psychiatric condition per clinician impression, functional status of patient per clinician impression, and psychiatric diagnosis
  3. aCohort 2A included patients who were aware of their possible TD. By definition, all Cohort 2A patients rated their severity as “some” or “a lot” in ≥ 1 body region (N = 110). Not all aware patients reported having “some” or “a lot” of impact on daily activities; 27 aware patients either reported “none” for all 7 activities or did not provide a response
  4. bBased on patient ratings of “none” (score = 0), “some” (score = 1), or “a lot” (score = 2), divided by the cohort size (N = 110). For missing values, a score of 0 was assigned. Summary based on summed scores: range, 0 to 8 (severity of possible TD); range, 0 to 14 (impact of possible TD)
  5. cNegative regression coefficient indicates an association between higher (worse) severity/impact scores and lower (worse) EQ-5D-5L utility index scores. Positive regression coefficient indicates an association between higher (worse) severity/impact scores and higher (worse) SDS total scores. For these analyses, EQ-5D-5L utility and SDS total scores were the dependent variables. Within each scale, coefficients can be compared to each other for relative strength, but they should not be interpreted as “low” or “high”
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