Structural and cross-cultural validity of the Afrikaans for the Western Cape Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 4 Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis of model fit—statistics

MGCFA	N	X^{2 (df)}	p	RMSEA (90% CI) [Fit supported if RMSEA close or ˂ 5]	SRMR [Fit supported if SRMR close or ˂ 0.08]	CFI [Fit supported if CFI close or to or ˃ 0.95]
M1: configural invariance	437	1428.66 (808)	< 0.001	0.058 (0.054–0.064)	0.05	0.997
M2: metric invariance	437	1544.00 (836)	< 0.001	0.062 (0.058–0.067)	0.06	0.996
M3: Scalar invariance	437	1490.05 (924)	< 0.001	0.053 (0.048–0.058)	0.05	0.992

M1 = Model 1, M2 = Model 2; M3 = Model 3; MGCFA = Multiple Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis; X² = Chi Square; df = degrees of freedom; RMSEA = Root mean square error of approximation; CI = Confidence Interval; SRMR = Standardized root mean square residual; CFI = Comparative fit Index
Note: N = 437 (Afrikaans n = 218, English n = 219)