Type | Item | 3 discrepancies in forward translation | Forward translation explanation | Changed meaning post back translation | Solution | Difficulties for patient to understand | Solution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Child | How do you feel about the way you look in general? | No | – | Yes (about your appearance in general?) | Keep the Spanish equivalent for “about your appearance in general?” | No | – |
2. Child | How do you feel about the way you look with your shirt or your top off? | No | – | Yes (when you don't wear a shirt?) | Change for Spanish equivalent for “when you are with your shirt or your top off” | No | – |
3. Child | If you had to spend the rest of your life with your chest as it looks now, how would you feel? | No | – | No (with your chest as you have it now?) | – | No | – |
4. Child | How often do other kids do fun about you because of your chest? | No | Change for Spanish equivalent for “laugh at you” | Yes (the shape of your chest?) | Change again for Spanish equivalent for “do fun about you” and omit “the shape” | No | – |
5. Child | How often do you avoid doing things, like spending the night at a friend’s house, because of the way your chest looks? | No | Change “doing things” for Spanish equivalent for “making plans” | Yes (Do you avoid making plans with your friends, like sleep over at their house; because of the shape of your chest?) | Change again for Spanish equivalent for “doing things” | 1 | – |
6. Child | How often do you try to hide your chest to keep people from knowing about it? | No | – | Yes (so that people do not know how you have it?) | Keep the Spanish equivalent for “people do not know how you have it?” | No | – |
7. Child | How often are you bothered because of the way your chest looks? | No | Use the Spanish equivalence for “worried” instead of “bothered” | Yes (Are you worried about the appearance of your chest?) | Change again for the Spanish equivalent for “are you bothered” | 2 | Add the Spanish equivalent for “by other people” |
8. Child | How often does your chest make you feel shy or self-conscious? | Yes (shy) | Exclude “shy” from Spanish version | Yes (Do you feel ashamed about the shape of your chest?) | Keep the Spanish equivalent for “self-conscious” | 7 | Add again the Spanish equivalent for “shy” |
9. Child | How often do you feel bad about yourself because of the way your chest looks? | No | – | Yes (Does the appearance of your chest make you feel bad?) | – | No | – |
10. Child | Have trouble running around or exercising because it made your chest hurt? | No | – | No (Problems when running or exercising because your chest hurt) | – | No | – |
11. Child | Have shortness of breath | Yes | Use the Spanish equivalent for “feeling shortness of breath” | No (Feeling short of breath) | Remove the Spanish equivalent for “feeling” | 3 | Add the Spanish equivalent for “breathing problems” |
12. Child | Be tired | No | – | No | – | No | – |
13. Child | Not be able to participate in gym class | No | Change for the Spanish equivalent for “to do physical education class” | Yes (to do physical education class) | Change for the Spanish equivalent for “participate” | No | – |
14. Child | Miss school | No | – | No | – | No | – |
15. Child before surgery | How much do you want the surgery to make your chest look different? | Yes | Use the Spanish equivalent for “would you like to undergo surgery to change how your chest looks?” | Yes (Would you like to operate to have a different breast?) | Keep the Spanish equivalent for “would you like to undergo surgery to change how your chest looks?” | No | – |
15. Child after surgery | How did the surgery change how your chest looks? | No | – | Yes (Do you think the operation has changed the appearance of your chest?) | Keep the Spanish equivalent for “Do you think the operation has changed the appearance of your chest?” | No | – |
16. Child after surgery | How did the surgery change how you feel about your chest? | No | – | Yes (After the operation, how do you feel about your chest?) | Keep the Spanish equivalent for “After the operation, how do you feel about your chest?” | No | – |
17. Child after surgery | How happy are you that you had the surgery? | No | – | No (Are you happy to have gone through the surgery?) | No | – | |
1. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to have trouble being physically active? | No | Change for the Spanish equivalent for “difficulties in physical activity” | Yes (Difficulties in physical activity) | Change for the Spanish equivalent for “trouble” | No | – |
2. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to have chest pain when physically active, such as running or playing sports? | No | – | No (Chest pain during physical activity -running, playing sports-) | – | No | – |
3. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to have shortness of breath? | No | Add the Spanish equivalent for “feeling” | Yes (Feeling short of breath) | Omit the equivalent for “feeling” in the Spanish version | No | – |
4. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to become tired? | No | – | No (tiredness) | No | – | |
5. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to have problems gaining weight? | No | – | No (Problems to gain weight) | – | No | – |
6. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be irritable? | No | Change for the Spanish equivalent for “irritability” | No (Irritability) | No | – | |
7. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be frustrated? | No | Add the Spanish equivalent for “feeling” | Yes (Feeling frustrated) | Omit the equivalent for “feeling” in the Spanish version | No | – |
8. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be sad or depressed? | No | Add the Spanish equivalent for “feeling” | Yes (Feeling sad or depressed) | Omit the equivalent for “feeling” in the Spanish version | No | – |
9. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be restless? | No | Add the Spanish equivalent for “sensation” | Yes (Sensation of anxiety) | Omit the equivalent for “sensation” and keep the Spanish equivalent for “restlessness” in the Spanish version | No | – |
10. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be isolated? | No | Add the Spanish equivalent for “sensation” | Yes (Sensation of isolation) | Omit the equivalent for “sensation” in the Spanish version | No | – |
11. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be made fun of? | No | Change for the Spanish equivalent for “be the object of jokes” | Yes (Be the object of jokes) | Change for the Spanish equivalent for “be made fun of” or “be mocked” | No | – |
12. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to limit him/her playing sports? | No | – | Yes (Limitation to practise sport) | Keep the Spanish equivalent for “limitation to practise sport” | No | – |
13. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to miss school | No | Change for the Spanish equivalent for “class” | Yes (Missing class) | Change “class” for the Spanish equivalent for “school” | No | – |
14. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be reluctant to wear a bathing suit? | Yes (reluctant) | Keep the Spanish equivalent for reluctant | No (Show reluctance to use a swimsuit) | – | No | – |
15. Parents | How often has your child’s pectus excavatum caused him/her to be reluctant to change clothes in front of others? | Yes (reluctant) | Keep the Spanish equivalent for reluctant | No (Show reluctance to change clothes in front of others) | – | No | – |
16. Parents | How often have you been concerned about the effects pectus excavatum has on your child’s life? | No | – | No (Are you concerned about the effects of pectus excavatum on your child's life?) | – | No | – |