Table 3 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the 27 participants in Phase 1
Variable | N | % |
|---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 13 | 48.1% |
Age (Years) | ||
40—49 | 1 | 3.7% |
50—59 | 3 | 11.1% |
60—69 | 12 | 44.4% |
69 <  | 11 | 40.7% |
Ethnicity | ||
Chinese | 22 | 81.5% |
Malay | 2 | 7.4% |
Indian | 3 | 11.1% |
Duration of glaucoma (years) | ||
0–2 | 2 | 27.4% |
3–5 | 10 | 37.0% |
6–10 | 6 | 22.2% |
11–15 | 5 | 18.5% |
 > 15 | 4 | 14.8% |
Allergic reactions/side effects to medication | ||
Yes | 10 | 37.0% |
No | 17 | 63.0% |
Glaucoma type (per eye) | ||
POAG/ NTG | 33 | 61.1% |
PACG | 18 | 33.3% |
None | 3 | 5.6% |
Glaucoma severity (better eye) | ||
None | 9 | 33.3% |
Mild | 5 | 18.5% |
Moderate | 2 | 7.4% |
Severe | 8 | 29.6% |
Advanced/End-stage | 3 | 11.1% |
Glaucoma severity (worse eye) | ||
Mild | 4 | 14.8% |
Moderate | 7 | 25.9% |
Severe | 10 | 37.0% |
Advanced/End-stage | 6 | 22.2% |
Glaucoma treatments (in at least one eye) | ||
Topical medication | 26 | 96.3% |
Laser | 9 | 33.3% |
Surgery | 11 | 40.7% |
Vision impairment (better eye) | ||
None (≤ 0.3 LogMAR or ≤ 20/40 Snellen) | 26 | 96.3% |
Mild (> 0.3 LogMAR ≤ 0.48 or > 20/40 Snellen ≤ 20/60) | 1 | 3.7% |
Moderate/severe (> 0.48 LogMAR or > 20/60 Snellen) | 0 | 0.0% |
Vision impairment (worse eye) | ||
None (≤ 0.3 LogMAR or ≤ 20/40 Snellen) | 15 | 55.6% |
Mild (> 0.3 LogMAR ≤ 0.48 or > 20/40 Snellen ≤ 20/60) | 2 | 7.4% |
Moderate/severe (> 0.48 LogMAR or > 20/60 Snellen) | 10 | 37.0% |
Marital status | ||
Single | 3 | 11.1% |
Married | 20 | 74.1% |
Divorced/separated/widowed | 4 | 14.8% |
Highest education levela | ||
Primary | 5 | 20.8% |
Secondary | 11 | 45.8% |
A Level | 3 | 12.5% |
Polytechnic/Diploma/ Vocational Training | 2 | 8.3% |
University or higher | 2 | 8.3% |
Employment status | ||
Working | 20 | 74.1% |
Not working | 7 | 25.9% |
Chronic health conditionsa | ||
Hypertension | 10 | 37.0% |
Dyslipidaemia | 12 | 44.4% |
Diabetes | 5 | 18.5% |
Heart attack | 1 | 3.73% |
Stroke | 1 | 3.7% |
Continuous variables | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 67.9 | 8.2 |
Presenting VA (better eye), LogMAR; Snellen | 0.11; 20/25 | 0.11; 20/25 |
Presenting VA (worse eye), LogMAR; Snellen | 0.37; 20/40 | 0.21; 20/32 |
Visual fields (better eye), mean deviation |  − 10.36 | 9.69 |
Visual fields (worse eye), mean deviation |  − 16.83 | 9.74 |
No. of topical treatments within past 6Â months | 1.8 | 0.9 |