Patient life aspirations in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: a mixed-methods case–control study

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 1 Sample demographic characteristics (N = 577)

	Patient (N < = 285)		Comparison (N < = 292) ¥		Cohen's d	p
Variable	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age	17.3	5.4	18.1	7.5	0.1	0.150
Body mass index	24.0	6.0	22.8	5.5	− 0.2	0.020
Years since DMD diagnosis	13.6	5.2	na	na

Variable	#	%	#	%
Male	285	100%	292	100%
Living alone*
Yes	0	0%	1	0%	0.05	0.330
Marital status (from adult survey)**					0.39	< .0005
Never married	87	99%	53	71%
Married	1	1%	14	19%
Cohabitation	0	0%	7	9%
Separated	0	0%	0	0%
Divorced	0	0%	1	1%
Widowed	0	0%	0	0%
Ethnicity*
Hispanic or Latino	26	10%	58	20%	0.15	0.001
Race (check all that apply)
White	246	86%	220	75%	0.14	0.001
Black or African American	22	8%	52	18%	0.15	< 0.0005
Other	9	3%	32	11%	0.15	< 0.0005
Missing	8	3%	0	0%
United States Region					0.17	0.048
East North Central	28	10%	49	17%
East South Central	19	7%	18	6%
Middle Atlantic	33	12%	38	13%
Mountain	14	5%	15	5%
New England	7	2%	13	4%
Pacific	61	21%	33	11%
South Atlantic	66	23%	61	21%
West north central	14	5%	17	6%
West south central	27	9%	29	10%
Non-contiguous	0	0%	0	0%
Missing	16	6%	19	7%
Difficulty paying bills (from adult survey)***					0.34	0.004
Not at all difficult	57	72%	25	46%
Slightly difficult	13	16%	8	15%
Somewhat difficult	6	8%	12	22%
Very difficult	3	4%	7	13%
Extremely difficult	0	0%	2	4%
Employment status (from adult survey)					0.74	< 0.0005
Employed	4	5%	36	68%
Unemployed	56	66%	14	26%
Retired	0	0%	3	6%
Disabled due to medical condition	25	29%	0	0%
Education (from adult survey)					0.35	0.005
Less than 12th grade	2	2%	3	6%
High school diploma	31	37%	16	30%
Some college	33	39%	14	26%
Technical (Vocational) degree	10	12%	2	4%
4-year University degree	7	8%	12	23%
Masters degree	1	1%	6	11%
Doctoral or Professional degree	0	0%	0	0%
Had help completing survey*
Yes	141	49%	69	24%	0.27	< 0.0005
Participant or a household member had COVID-19					0.30	< 0.0005
Definitely or probably yes	3	1%	56	19%
No	277	97%	231	79%
Missing	5	2%	5	2%

Some sets of percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.GED = General Educational Development (i.e., high-school equivalency test) SD standard deviation
*For these variables a non-response was counted as the absence of the characteristic in question
**For this variable a non-response was treated as Never married
***Cramer's V and p are based on non-missing results
¥ Comparison participants included only if age < 35