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Table 2 Summary of cognitive interview and differential item functioning results for the final translated UW-CSS and UW-CBS items

From: Translation and cultural validation of the University of Washington Caregiver Stress and Benefit Scales

 

Revised/final item English text

CI results summary

DIF compared to US sample

UW caregiver stress items

   

care01

How much are your finances strained because of caregiving?

  

care04

How much does your own health suffer because of caregiving?

  

care11

How difficult is it for you to get a good night's sleep because of caregiving?*

  

care17

How difficult is it for you to take care of your household because of caregiving?

  

care83

How difficult is it to find time to spend with your friends because of caregiving?*

  

care84

How much do you feel always "on call" because of caregiving?

 

EU, Fr, Sp, It

care87

How difficult is it for you to take care of yourself because of caregiving?**

  

care36

How difficult is it to make plans because of caregiving?

  

care37

How difficult is it to do activities you like to do because of caregiving?**

  

care88

How difficult is it to do things that are important to you because of caregiving?

  

care43

How much does caregiving limit your work opportunities?

  

care29

On a typical day, how often do you feel overwhelmed by caregiving?**

  

care34

How often do you feel socially isolated because of caregiving? *

  

care38

How often do caregiving responsibilities make you feel physically exhausted?

  

care39

How often do caregiving responsibilities make you feel mentally exhausted?

 

EU, Ge, Fr, It

care12

How often does caregiving make it difficult for you to take care of your health?

  

care44

How often do you need to miss work because of caregiving?

  

care49

How often is it difficult to do things you enjoy with your partner because of caregiving?

 

EU, Ge, Fr

care45

How much does caregiving strain your relationship with your partner?

  

UW caregiver benefit items

   

care02

How much does caregiving help you appreciate what is important in life?

 

EU, Fr, Sp, It

care07

How much does caregiving help you find new strengths in yourself?*

  

care10

Are you a better advocate for your child/children because of caregiving?

Ge, Fr, Sp, It

 

care19

How much do you feel caregiving has made you a better person?*

  

care20

How much do you feel that caregiving has helped you put life in perspective?

Ge, Fr, Sp, It

EU, Fr

care24

How much does caregiving help you become a more patient person?*

  

care30

How much do you feel that caregiving has made you a stronger person?**

  

care08

Have you gained confidence in yourself because of caregiving?

 

EU, Ge

care13

How much does caregiving add meaning to your life?**

 

Fr

care15

How much does caregiving make you a more accepting person?

Ge

 

care23

How much does caregiving help you be more caring?**

  

care26

How often does caregiving make you feel closer to other adults who are important to you?

Ge, Fr, Sp, It

EU, Ge, Sp, It

care48

How often do you feel closer to your partner because of caregiving?

 

EU

  1. US, United States; EU, European Union countries combined; Ge, Germany; Sp, Spain; Fr, France; It, Italy
  2. *Item is included on the recommended 6-item short form
  3. **Item is included on both the recommended 3- and 6-item short forms