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Table 1 Demographics of study samples in the European Union and the United States

From: Translation and cultural validation of the University of Washington Caregiver Stress and Benefit Scales

 

EU Cognitive Interview Sample

EU Large Scale Administration Sample

US Development Sample

Comparison test for EU Large Scale with US Development Sample

t-test

t, p

N = 47

N = 456

N = 722

Mean (SD)

[Range]

Mean (SD)

[Range]

Mean (SD)

[Range]

Caregiver age (years)

41.3 (6.5)

[31.9 – 65.1]

39.6 (6.1)

[20.9 – 65.7]

41.5 (8.5)

[20.0 – 72.0]

4.15, p < 0.001

Child/children’s age (years)

8.1 (3.9)

[2.3 – 16.7]

9.7 (3.7)

[0.7 – 17.9]

9.1 (4.9)

[0.1 – 17.9]

2.57, p = 0.01

 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Chi2, p

Caregiver gender

   

0.59, p = 0.44

Female

36 (77%)

369 (81%)

597 (83%)

 

Male

11 (23%)

87 (19%)

125 (17%)

 

Country

    

France

13 (28%)

115 (25%)

 

Germany

14 (30%)

117 (26%)

 

Italy

10 (21%)

110 (24%)

 

Spain

10 (21%)

114 (25%)

 

Caregiver education

   

50.6, p < 0.001

Some HS or less

8 (17%)

17 (4%)

22 (3%)

 

HS graduate/GCSE

17 (36%)

40 (9%)

102 (14%)

 

Some university/vocational

8 (17%)

185 (41%)

208 (29%)

 

University degree

5 (11%)

171 (38%)

224 (31%)

 

Advanced degree

8 (17%)

43 (9%)

165 (23%)

 

Caregiver employment status

   

 2.82, p = 0.09

Employed

24 (51%)

299 (66%)

439 (61%)

 

Unemployed, Homemaker, Retired

22 (47%)

154 (34%)

279 (39%)

 

Child's health status

   

179.8, p < 0.001

Epilepsy

45 (96%)

251 (55%)

128 (18%)

 

Other chronic health condition

0 (0%)

105 (23%)

272 (38%)

 

Healthy/community sample*

2 (4%)

100 (22%)

322 (45%)

 
  1. *EU sample excluded families with children with serious chronic conditions while the US sample was a community-based sample without exclusions for chronic conditions