Characterizing the quality-of-life impact of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on caregivers: a case-control investigation

Schwartz, Carolyn E.; Stark, Roland B.; Audhya, Ivana F.; Gooch, Katherine L.

doi:10.1186/s41687-021-00386-y

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Caregivers

From: Characterizing the quality-of-life impact of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on caregivers: a case-control investigation

Variable	DMD caregivers (n = 566)				Comparison caregivers (n = 594)				p from T- or chi-square test	Variance explained If p < .05
Variable	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Min	Max	p from T- or chi-square test	Variance explained If p < .05
Age	41.6	8.8	21	72	43.8	11.7	20	77	< 0.0005	0.01
Gender	Frequency	%			Frequency	%			< 0.0005	0.04
Male	140	25%			267	45%
Female	426	75%			327	55%
Marital status									0.04	0.01
Never married	31	5%			44	7%
Married	453	80%			454	76%
Cohabitation/domestic partner	40	7%			31	5%
Separated	11	2%			9	2%
Divorced	23	4%			45	8%
Widowed	5	1%			10	2%
Missing	3	1%			1	0%
Race (check all that apply)
Black	47	8%			69	12%			0.06
White	519	92%			525	88%			0.05
Other	21	4%			49	8%			NA
Hispanic ethnicity									0.045	0.004
Yes	57	10%			83	14%
No	490	87%			495	83%
Missing	19	3%			16	3%
Level of education									< 0.0005	0.11
Less than 12th grade	6	1%			2	0%
High school diploma	59	10%			54	9%
Technical (Vocational) degree	66	12%			15	3%
Some college	92	16%			83	14%
2-year University degree	89	16%			51	9%
4-year University degree	171	30%			188	32%
Masters degree	53	9%			183	31%
Doctoral degree	5	1%			18	3%
Missing	25	4%			0	0%
Recruitment Source									NA
Rare patient voice	49	9%			0	0%
Patient advocacy groups	87	15%			0	0%
Word of mouth	428	76%			0	0%
IPSOS	0	0%			594	100%
Missing	2	0%			0	0%
	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Comorbidities, out of 15 presented	1.3	1.7	0	9	1.6	1.7	0	10	< 0.01	0.01
Specific Comorbidities*	Frequency	%			Frequency	%
Arthritis	76	13%			85	15%			0.45
Asthma	50	9%			67	12%			0.10
Back Pain	189	33%			228	40%			0.02	0.01
Cancer now or in the past	18	3%			24	4%			0.35
Depression	131	23%			130	23%			0.92
Diabetes	20	4%			71	13%			< 0.0005	0.03
Heart Disease	11	2%			14	3%			0.50
High Blood Pressure	53	9%			114	20%			< 0.0005	0.02
Insomnia	117	21%			98	17%			0.15
Kidney Disease	3	1%			7	1%			0.23
Liver Disease	5	1%			3	1%			0.44
Lung Disease	3	1%			6	1%			0.35
Stroke	3	1%			9	2%			0.10
Ulcer or Stomach Disease	18	3%			20	4%			0.74
Other	66	12%			55	10%			0.30
	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Min	Max
BMI	26.9	6.0	16.5	40.0	27.1	5.8	15	40	0.49
Smoking Status	Frequency	%			Frequency	%			< 0.0005	0.07
Never Smoked	447	79%			337	57%
Used to Smoke	58	10%			68	11%
Some Days Currently	23	4%			70	12%
Every Day Currently	35	6%			116	20%
Missing	3	1%			3	1%
Work Status									< 0.0005	0.07
Employed	323	57%			432	73%
Unemployed	202	36%			91	15%
Retired	10	2%			40	7%
Disabled due to medical condition	10	2%			20	3%
Missing	21	4%			11	2%
Hours Worked per Week									< 0.0005	0.04
Does not apply	242	43%			162	27%
< 20	15	3%			12	2%
20-29	41	7%			33	6%
30-39	75	13%			139	23%
40+	193	34%			248	42%
COVID-Specific Variables
Whether anyone in household infected (%)									< 0.0005	0.04
Definitely no	489	86%			440	74%
Probably no	58	10%			79	13%
Probably yes	8	1%			29	5%
Definitely yes	3	1%			33	6%
	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Financial hardship	18.8	9.0	6	42	21.4	7.2	6	42	< 0.0005	0.02
Isolation	14.1	6.5	4	28	14.3	5.8	4	28	0.68
Social support	16	4.9	0	23	16.5	5.2	0	23	0.15
Continuity of healthcare	2.6	0.7	0	3	2.5	0.8	0	3	0.09

*A non-response was counted as the absence of the comorbidity in question

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