Table 2 Translation process (modified FACIT methodology)
Steps in the process | Description |
|---|---|
1. Forward translation | Two translators with experience of health questionnaires independently translated into Swedish |
2. Reconciliation | Reconciliator with expert knowledge in health questionnaire design, aiming to resolve discrepancies in the translations and adapt to modern questionnaire design requirements |
3. Expert reviews | First independently and then in small groups of 3 to 5 people examined the linguistic adequacy and meaning equivalence of the reconciled item translation. With reference to professional knowledge of the theoretical construct and the definition |
4. Back-translation | Back translation and comparison with the original English item banks was done by a bilingual native English speaker |
5. Cognitive debriefing | Eleven healthy adolescents between 8 and 17 years (9 girls and 2 boys, mean age 14 years, median age 14 years) completed the cognitive debriefing individually. The participants were interviewed by four interviewers |
6. Final report | A report was written at the end of the process, documenting the development of the translation |