Development and content validation of the Pediatric Oral Medicines Acceptability Questionnaires (P-OMAQ): patient-reported and caregiver-reported outcome measures

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 1 Summary of the concepts by existing questionnaires identified and the Pediatric Oral Medicines Acceptability Questionnaires

Key attribute concepts	Medication acceptance scale ^b [40, 45]	Visual analog scale ^b [9, 26, 28, 32, 49, 50, 54]	NRS ^b [36]	6-point face hedonic scale ^b [35]	5-point face hedonic scale ^b [44]	4-point face hedonic scale ^b [17]	3-point face hedonic scale ^b [10]	4-point Likert scale ^b [10, 17, 44]	5-point Likert scale ^b [17, 29, 32, 40, 54]	P-OMAQ-P ^c (5-point NRS)	P-OMAQ-C ^c (5-point NRS)
Swallowability	✓	✓		✓			✓	✓		✓	✓
Taste (before swallowing)		✓	✓		✓		✓			✓	✓
Aftertaste										✓	✓
Texture/mouthfeel		✓								✓	✓
Size/amount										✓	✓
Smell					✓					✓	✓
Number of times had to take										✓	✓
Overall happiness with the medicine										✓	✓
How much the medicine helps										✓	✓
Importance to take the medicine										✓	✓
Willingness to keep taking the medicine										✓	✓
How often the child takes the medicine exactly as instructed										✓	✓
Pleasant/bothersome		✓
Acceptability ^a	✓	✓				✓			✓		✓
Ease of intake								✓
Palatability		✓					✓	✓	✓
Patient expression	✓						✓
Ease of preparation								✓
Overall perception									✓

Concepts shown in bold are included in the conceptual model of acceptability of pediatric oral medicines
NRS Numerical Rating Scale, P-OMAQ-C Pediatric Oral Medicines Acceptability Questionnaires – Caregiver, P-OMAQ-P Pediatric Oral Medicines Acceptability Questionnaires – Patient
^aAcceptability identified via conceptual literature review
^bRecall period: present moment after taking
^cRecall period: 7-day and 24-h