Evaluation of the usefulness of EQ-5D as a patient-reported outcome measure using the Paretian classification of health change among patients with chronic heart failure

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 4 Results from multiple logistic regression analysis with Odds Ratios (OR) of factors affecting worsened outcomes in the two groups HFpEF and HFrEF

	Worsened
	HFpEF ≥50%		HFrEF < 40%
	OR	p-value	OR	p-value
Sex (female vs. male)			0.824	0.024
Clinic (cardiology vs. medicine/geriatric)			0.697	< 0.001
Fatigue (pronounced/severe limitations vs. light)			0.650	< 0.001
Shortness of breath (pronounced/severe limitations vs. light)			0.743	0.008
Atrial fibrillation/flutter (yes/no)	1.466	0.009
Pulmonary disease (yes/no)			1.326	0.009
Reduced renal function (yes/no)	1.447	0.012
MRA (yes/no)			0.820	0.019
Diuretic (yes/no)	0.526	< 0.001

All analyses controlled for: Sex (female vs. male), Age (over 75 years old), Smoker (yes/no), Clinic (Cardiology vs. Medicine/Geriatrics), Follow up referral to hospital (Hospital vs. Primary care) Follow up referral to out-patient HF nurse (yes/no), NYHA classification grades III/IV vs. 1/II, Fatigue – pronounced/severe limitations, Shortness of breath – pronounced/severe limitations, Duration of heart failure > 6 months), Ischaemic heart disease, Previous myocardial infarction, Hypertension, Atrial fibrillation/flutter, Diabetes, Pulmonary disease, Anaemia, Mean heart rate bpm > 70, Renal function (e-GFR < 60 μmol/L), ACEI/ARB, ß-blocker, MRA, Diuretic
Abbreviations: ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, EF ejection fraction, e-GFR estimated glomerular filtration, HFrEF Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction, HFpEF Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, NYHA New York Heart Association