Table 1 Baseline characteristics % (n) for the two study groups HFpEF (> 50%) and HFrEF (< 40%) n = 4761
Variables | HFpEF > 50% % (n = 930) | HFrEF < 40% % (n = 3831) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Female sex | 49 (456) | 27 (1047) | < 0.001 |
Age (over 75 years old) | 60 (555) | 36 (1363) | < 0.001 |
Smoker (n = 4290) | 10 (80) | 13 (469) | 0.007 |
a Cardiology clinic (n = 4419) | 61 (452) | 59 (2170) | 0.362 |
a Follow up referral to hospital (n = 4673) | 61 (560) | 87 (3275) | < 0.001 |
Follow up referral to out-patient heart failure nurse (n = 4657) | 55 (503) | 76 (2839) | < 0.001 |
Medical history | |||
NYHA classification grades III / IV (n = 4476) | 33 (274) | 38 (1374) | 0.014 |
Fatigue - pronounced/severe limitations (n = 4726) | 34 (314) | 29 (1098) | 0.002 |
Shortness of breath - pronounced/severe limitations (n = 4731) | 35 (319) | 31 (1167) | 0.020 |
Duration of heart failure ≥6 months (n = 4723) | 46 (427) | 36 (1360) | < 0.001 |
Ischaemic heart disease (n = 4474) | 36 (323) | 44 (1580) | < 0.001 |
Previous myocardial infarction (n = 2850) | 26 (126) | 35 (820) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension (n = 4635) | 61 (561) | 44 (1646) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation/flutter (n = 4738) | 55 (509) | 43 (1624) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes (n = 4741) | 25 (229) | 20 (767) | 0.002 |
Pulmonary disease (n = 4693) | 19 (174) | 14 (515) | < 0.001 |
Anaemia (n = 4760) | 33 (306) | 23 (881) | < 0.001 |
aCoexisting condition | |||
1 disease | 14 (128) | 21 (822) | < 0.001 |
2 diseases | 25 (229) | 24 (915) | |
3 diseases | 26 (245) | 21 (795) | |
4 diseases | 31 (291) | 24 (902) | |
Mean heart rate ≥ 70 bpm (n = 4701) | 53 (482) | 55 (2085) | 0.166 |
Laboratory examinations | |||
Reduced renal function (e-GFR < 60 μmol/L) | 46 (431) | 36 (1376) | < 0.001 |
Drugs being taken | |||
ACEI/ARB | 82 (761) | 96 (3684) | < 0.001 |
β-blocker (n = 4750) | 82 (757) | 93 (3559) | < 0.001 |
MRA (n = 4738) | 21 (199) | 31 (1185) | < 0.001 |
Diuretic (n = 4738) | 77 (712) | 75 (2848) | 0.169 |