Fig. 5From: Randomized comparative study of child and caregiver responses to three software functions added to the Japanese version of the electronic Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (ePedsQL) questionnaireEstimates by multigroup structural equation modelling with equality constraint of all estimates except errors of observed variables. EF: Emotional Functioning. PF: Physical Functioning. SA: School Absenteeism. SchF: School Functioning. SocF: Social Functioning. SP: School Presenteeism. In one case, the multigroup structural equation model showed that the basic and dynamic ePedsQL had similar (equally constrained) structure (shown in this figure) and metrics (path coefficient, intercept, variance and covariance) but not errors (variances) of the observed variables (each item). Accordingly, each error of the observed variables was estimated as shown in the figure by groupBack to article page