A systematic review of goal attainment scaling implementation practices by caregivers in randomized controlled trials

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 2 Catalog of potential items to include when reporting GAS implementation details

Activity	GAS assessment	Potential GAS methods reported
Goal setting	Personnel involved in goal setting	Patient
		Clinician
		Caregiver
		Other
	Personnel involved in assessing goal attainment	Patient
		Clinician
		Caregiver
		Other (e.g. independent rater)
	Number of goals set	Mean number of goals in each group
		Range of goals
		Time spent setting goals
	Weighting of goals	By importance
		By difficulty
		Other weighting criteria, specify
	Quality assurance	Number of GAS levels set
		Baseline level specified
		Blinding to other test scores
		^aUse of goal menu or inventory
		Goal quality assessment performed
	Training of GAS interviewers/raters	Name of training program
		Brief description of training
		Duration of training
	Number of GAS interviews completed	Total number of interviews
	Number of GAS interviews completed	Number of interviews by group (if multiple groups)
Analysis of GAS data	Calculation of GAS score	Raw score
	Calculation of GAS score	T-score (T-score and standard deviation for each group)
	Treatment effect size	Mean change scores (within and between groups)
		Standard deviation of baseline and change scores
		^aCohen’s d/Hedge’s g
		^aStandardized response mean
	Other information	^aExample of one goal or goal areas
	Other information	^aUse of parametric or non-parametric tests

^aDenotes optional, but useful information to include in GAS studies. When included the researchers should provide sufficient details on the construction (e.g. patient/caregiver/clinician interviews, literature review) and application of the inventory (e.g. were subjects able to set goals that were not on the menu)
^bNot applicable