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Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Table 1 Demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics in the HC and ePRO (users and non-users) cohorts

From: Real-world use and clinical impact of an electronic patient-reported outcome tool in patients with solid tumors treated with immuno-oncology therapy

Parameter

HC cohort (n = 538)

ePRO cohort (n = 1014)

P valuea

ePRO cohort

P valuea

ePRO users (n = 319)

ePRO non-users (n = 695)

Age at index date, years, mean (SD)

70.2 (11.0)

68.3 (10.7)

< 0.01

67.8 (10.6)

68.6 (10.7)

0.220

Female, n (%)

205 (38.1)

405 (39.9)

0.515

145 (45.5)

260 (37.4)

< 0.05

Race, n (%)

 White

484 (90.0)

897 (88.5)

0.416

299 (93.7)

598 (86.0)

< 0.001

 Black or African American

41 (7.6)

93 (9.2)

0.347

12 (3.8)

81 (11.7)

< 0.001

 Asian

2 (0.4)

4 (0.4)

1.000

2 (0.6)

2 (0.3)

0.594

 American Indian or Alaska Native

1 (0.2)

5 (0.5)

0.671

2 (0.6)

3 (0.4)

0.652

 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

0 (0.0)

2 (0.2)

0.547

1 (0.3)

1 (0.1)

0.530

 Mixed race

1 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

0.347

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

 Unknownb

9 (1.7)

15 (1.5)

0.830

3 (0.9)

12 (1.7)

0.413

Ethnicity, n (%)

  

0.131

  

0.464

 Hispanic or Latino

4 (0.7)

8 (0.8)

 

1 (0.3)

7 (1.0)

 

 Not Hispanic or Latino

492 (91.4)

895 (88.3)

 

280 (87.8)

615 (88.5)

 

 Unknown

42 (7.8)

111 (10.9)

 

38 (11.9)

73 (10.5)

 

Type of insurance,c n (%)

  

0.120

  

< 0.001

 Non-risk-share contracts

316 (58.7)

638 (62.9)

 

161 (50.5)

477 (68.6)

 

 Risk-share contractsd

222 (41.3)

376 (37.1)

 

158 (49.5)

218 (31.4)

 

Highest level of education,c n (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 High school or less

36 (6.7)

285 (28.1)

 

88 (27.6)

197 (28.3)

 

 College

18 (3.3)

124 (12.2)

 

54 (16.9)

70 (10.1)

 

 Graduate degree

6 (1.1)

41 (4.0)

 

24 (7.5)

17 (2.4)

 

 Unknown

478 (88.8)

564 (55.6)

 

153 (48.0)

411 (59.1)

 

Marital status,c n (%)

  

0.173

  

< 0.001

 Married

311 (57.8)

596 (58.8)

 

222 (69.6)

374 (53.8)

 

 Divorced

81 (15.1)

119 (11.7)

 

26 (8.2)

93 (13.4)

 

 Widowed

77 (14.3)

153 (15.1)

 

38 (11.9)

115 (16.5)

 

 Single

61 (11.3)

133 (13.1)

 

31 (9.7)

102 (14.7)

 

 Separated

1 (0.2)

7 (0.7)

 

1 (0.3)

6 (0.9)

 

 Unknown

7 (1.3)

6 (0.6)

 

1 (0.3)

5 (0.7)

 

Living arrangements,c n (%)

  

0.183

  

< 0.001

 With spouse

301 (55.9)

585 (57.7)

 

218 (68.3)

367 (52.8)

 

 Alone

99 (18.4)

219 (21.6)

 

50 (15.7)

169 (24.3)

 

 With child

46 (8.6)

75 (7.4)

 

17 (5.3)

58 (8.3)

 

 With relatives

44 (8.2)

58 (5.7)

 

11 (3.4)

47 (6.8)

 

 Care facility

5 (0.9)

11 (1.1)

 

0 (0.0)

11 (1.6)

 

 Other

26 (4.8)

48 (4.7)

 

15 (4.7)

33 (4.7)

 

 Unknown

17 (3.2)

18 (1.8)

 

8 (2.5)

10 (1.4)

 

Index cancer,e n (%)

  

< 0.01

  

< 0.01

 NSCLC

351 (65.2)

697 (68.7)

 

211 (66.1)

486 (69.9)

 

 Melanoma

101 (18.8)

124 (12.2)

 

54 (16.9)

70 (10.1)

 

 Renal cell carcinoma

34 (6.3)

74 (7.3)

 

17 (5.3)

57 (8.2)

 

 Head and neck cancer

34 (6.3)

62 (6.1)

 

15 (4.7)

47 (6.8)

 

 Bladder cancer

18 (3.3)

57 (5.6)

 

22 (6.9)

35 (5.0)

 

Stage of index cancer at diagnosis, n (%)

  

< 0.01

  

0.429

 Stage I

33 (6.1)

69 (6.8)

 

21 (6.6)

48 (6.9)

 

 Stage II

57 (10.6)

82 (8.1)

 

21 (6.6)

61 (8.8)

 

 Stage III

122 (22.7)

327 (32.2)

 

100 (31.3)

227 (32.7)

 

 Stage IV

292 (54.3)

477 (47.0)

 

162 (50.8)

315 (45.3)

 

 Unknown

34 (6.3)

59 (5.8)

 

15 (4.7)

44 (6.3)

 

Progression since diagnosis,f among patients diagnosed with stage I to III, n (%)

  

< 0.001

  

0.277

 Yes, metastatic recurrence

131 (61.8)

187 (39.1)

 

57 (40.1)

130 (38.7)

 

 Yes, local/regional recurrence

39 (18.4)

55 (11.5)

 

11 (7.7)

44 (13.1)

 

 No

42 (19.8)

232 (48.5)

 

72 (50.7)

160 (47.6)

 

 Unknown

0 (0.0)

4 (0.8)

 

2 (1.4)

2 (0.6)

 

Number of lines of prior therapy for index cancer,g,h mean (SD)

0.6 (0.7)

0.3 (0.5)

< 0.001

0.3 (0.5)

0.3 (0.5)

0.363

Index IO therapy,e n (%)

  

< 0.001

  

0.603

 Atezolizumab

31 (5.8)

38 (3.7)

 

13 (4.1)

25 (3.6)

 

 Avelumab

0 (0.0)

2 (0.2)

 

1 (0.3)

1 (0.1)

 

 Durvalumab

1 (0.2)

221 (21.8)

 

65 (20.4)

156 (22.4)

 

 Ipilimumab

16 (3.0)

3 (0.3)

 

0 (0.0)

3 (0.4)

 

 Nivolumab

192 (35.7)

115 (11.3)

 

43 (13.5)

72 (10.4)

 

 Nivolumab + ipilimumab

20 (3.7)

86 (8.5)

 

29 (9.1)

57 (8.2)

 

 Pembrolizumab

278 (51.7)

549 (54.1)

 

168 (52.7)

381 (54.8)

 

Time to the end of follow-up (days),

181.0

175.0

0.678

175.0

175.0

0.742

median (range)

(0, 182.6)

(0, 184.0)

 

(0, 184.0)

(0, 184.0)

 

Mortality during the study follow-up, n (%)

  

< 0.01

  

0.107

 Alive

343 (63.8)

731 (72.1)

 

242 (75.9)

489 (70.4)

 

 Deceased

185 (34.4)

273 (26.9)

 

76 (23.8)

197 (28.3)

 

 Unknown

10 (1.9)

10 (1.0)

 

1 (0.3)

9 (1.3)

 

Reason for the end of follow-up (earliest event),i n (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.01

 Last contact with TO

198 (36.8)

637 (62.8)

 

219 (68.7)

418 (60.1)

 

 6-month follow-up

316 (58.7)

340 (33.5)

 

85 (26.6)

255 (36.7)

 

 Clinical trial enrollment

18 (3.3)

25 (2.5)

 

11 (3.4)

14 (2.0)

 

 Death

6 (1.1)

12 (1.2)

 

4 (1.3)

8 (1.2)

 
  1. aStatistical comparison performed for continuous variables using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and for categorical variables using chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact tests if expected counts <10
  2. bPatient declined, or otherwise not documented/unknown
  3. cCollected from the EMR on the date of abstraction and may not reflect the status at the index date
  4. dRisk-share contracts include Medicare, Aetna, and Cigna (for patients who initiated IO therapy after Apr 01, 2020)
  5. eThe index cancer was defined as the cancer associated with the index IO therapy and the index IO therapy was defined as the IO therapy/therapies initiated on the index date
  6. fProgression reported from diagnosis until end of follow-up, as documented by the treating physician was assessed among the 690 patients diagnosed with stage I, II, or III for their index cancer
  7. gSummary statistics for the number of lines of prior therapy were assessed among patients with known information
  8. hPrior lines of therapy before IO initiation may have occurred at TO or another facility and patients may have had more than one type of therapy
  9. iReason for end of follow-up was defined as the earliest of the following events, if applicable: 6 months after IO initiation, death, pregnancy, clinical trial enrollment, or last contact with TO
  10. EMR electronic medical record; ePRO electronic patient-reported outcome; HC historical control; IO immuno-oncology; NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer; SD standard deviation; TO Tennessee Oncology
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